Understand the course of treatment for patients with low and intermediate risk prostate cancer.

This Fast Fact reviews the pathophysiology of severe asymptomatic aortic stenosis and helps determine when to order a Transthoracic Echocardiogram (TTE) for  diagnostic evaluation.

How to manage patients once it is determined they have low vision.

Review systemic effects of ocular medications for age related macular degeneration.

Medications is one of the 4Ms of an Age-Friendly healthcare system.

In 2017, the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI), the John A Hartford Foundation (JAHF), the American Hospital Association (AHA), and the Catholic Health Association (CHA) of the United States addressed the development of age-friendly health systems using a clinical framework to improve the complex care of older adults.

These organizations defined and operationalized age-friendly care following the guidelines of beneficence, evidence-based medicine, and patient/family aligned goals and concerns. The 4M Framework was the result: What Matters Most, Mentation, Mobility, and Medication.  A 5^th M is often incorporated to include Multi-Morbidity, which calls attention to the multiple, often inter-related, health problems that many older adults face.

By assessing comorbidities, frailty and disease status in context of function and care goals, the appropriateness of cardiac or pulmonary rehabilitation for geriatric patients can be determined. 

Determine appropriate surgical management for elderly breast cancer patients.

Frailty assessment of patients at time of ICU admission may be useful in identification of vulnerable elderly patients.

Learn a systems-based approach to evaluation non-vertigo dizziness.

Differentiate peripheral and central causes of dizziness.

Learn to assess multiple factors causing falls.

Perioperative medication that may increase delirium risk.